Who bought Russian oil and gas? What each country paid Russia since 2022

Q: Who buys Russian oil?

By their own customs records (2022 to August 2026, CIF), the list of buyers of Russian crude oil starts with China, India and Türkiye: China recorded €257bn. On the map's basis (the Russian border price) China comes to €217bn, and CREA's tracker estimates €236bn. For oil products the customs list starts with Türkiye, China and Brazil. Türkiye's customs do not name the supplier for crude oil and gas, so its figures are estimates.

Q: Who buys Russian gas and LNG?

Pipeline gas (2022 to August 2026), by customs records of the gas used in each country: the list starts with Türkiye, China and Germany; Türkiye recorded €48bn. LNG: the list starts with China, Japan and France; China recorded €23.3bn. Each table gives the map's basis and CREA's tracker beside the customs figure.

Q: Russian oil exports by country: where did they go?

Adding up the buyers on the map, customs recorded €605bn of crude oil and €282bn of oil products bought from Russia (2022 to August 2026, CIF); on the map's basis, €435bn and €248bn. CREA's tracker, which also follows cargoes to places without customs data, puts them at €502bn and €324bn. By country, the customs list for crude oil starts with China, India and Türkiye.

Q: Who paid Russia the most since 2022?

By everything they paid Russia from 2022 to August 2026, fuel and other goods, the table starts with China, India and Türkiye: China paid €547bn. The 40 countries listed paid €1,849bn in all. The tables by fuel further down split these purchases into crude oil, oil products, pipeline gas, LNG and coal.

Q: Did buying Russian fuel help Russia?

What counts is not the sales value but how much more or less Russia kept (taxes and profit) than without the war. From the purchases of the 40 countries listed, Russia kept €11.9bn less than in a world without the war, with what each of them would then have bought. War-time fuel prices and Russian oil refined elsewhere are shown separately.

Q: How much Russian oil did each country buy, in barrels?

This site does not give volumes. It measures money: what was paid to Russia, and the change in what Russia kept from it. The tables by fuel give each country's purchases in euros, by its customs records, on the map's basis and by CREA's tracker. For volumes, see energy trade trackers and customs statistics.

This page lists what each country paid Russia from 2022 to August 2026, sorted by euros and starting with China, India and Türkiye (China: €547bn), and shows how much more or less Russia kept from those purchases than in a world without the war, the extra it earned from war-time fuel prices and the Russian oil bought refined in other countries.

Further down, the purchases are split by fuel (crude oil, oil products, pipeline gas, LNG and coal), each by the importer's customs records, on the map's basis and by CREA's tracker.

Open in the map →

These numbers measure money: aid to Ukraine and the change in what Russia keeps from trade, against a world without the war. Weapons count at their money value: aid at market value when delivered, weapons and troops sent to Russia at the seller's gain where Russia paid and in full where it did not. Votes, diplomacy and intent are not in them.

Ranking · 40

Sorted by “Paid Russia since 2022” in euros, high to low, 2022 to August 2026. More or less: how much more or less Russia kept (taxes and profit, not sales) than in a world without the war; + toward Ukraine, − toward Russia.

Paid Russia: recorded payments since 2022, gross. The fuel columns are parts of what Russia kept from its purchases.

#	Country	Paid Russia since 2022	Russia kept from its purchases, vs no war	Russia's gain from war-time fuel prices	Russian oil bought via other countries	Fuel share of purchases, 2018–2021
1	China	€547bn3.2% of GDP · €388 per person	€103bn more0.60% of GDP more	−€15.4bn−0.09% of GDP	−€0.65bn<0.01% of GDP	67%
2	India	€201bn6.2% of GDP · €138 per person	€71.1bn more2.2% of GDP more	+€11bn+0.34% of GDP	−€52m<0.01% of GDP	43%
3	Türkiye	€174bn16.3% of GDP · €2,033 per person	€31.1bn more2.9% of GDP more	−€20.5bn−1.9% of GDP	+€0.16bn+0.02% of GDP	55%
4	Kazakhstan	€78.7bn32.5% of GDP · €3,823 per person	€0.81bn less0.34% of GDP less	−€1.2bn−0.50% of GDP	−€35m−0.01% of GDP	10%
5	Germany	€69.3bn1.7% of GDP · €830 per person	€64.6bn less1.5% of GDP less	−€16.5bn−0.39% of GDP	+€4.3bn+0.10% of GDP	79%
6	Brazil	€43.4bn2.2% of GDP · €205 per person	€10bn more0.51% of GDP more	−€2.1bn−0.10% of GDP	−€0.29bn−0.01% of GDP	16%
7	South Korea	€43.4bn2.5% of GDP · €838 per person	€16.3bn less0.95% of GDP less	−€3.3bn−0.19% of GDP	−€0.28bn−0.02% of GDP	78%
8	United States	€43.2bn0.17% of GDP · €127 per person	€39.9bn less0.15% of GDP less	−€0.45bn<0.01% of GDP	−€1.5bn<0.01% of GDP	56%
9	France	€40.2bn1.4% of GDP · €587 per person	€18.7bn less0.67% of GDP less	−€2.3bn−0.08% of GDP	−€0.65bn−0.02% of GDP	85%
10	Italy	€39.1bn1.8% of GDP · €663 per person	€19.3bn less0.91% of GDP less	−€8.2bn−0.39% of GDP	−€0.60bn−0.03% of GDP	78%
11	Japan	€36.9bn0.91% of GDP · €297 per person	€6.8bn less0.17% of GDP less	−€3.2bn−0.08% of GDP	−€0.21bn<0.01% of GDP	65%
12	Netherlands	€31.7bn3.0% of GDP · €1,764 per person	€28.6bn less2.7% of GDP less	−€2.9bn−0.27% of GDP	+€93m<0.01% of GDP	91%
13	Uzbekistan	€31.2bn31.1% of GDP · €859 per person	€3.4bn more3.4% of GDP more	−€0.16bn−0.16% of GDP	−€20m−0.02% of GDP	9%
14	Hungary	€30.6bn16.1% of GDP · €3,202 per person	€11.5bn more6.0% of GDP more	−€9.8bn−5.1% of GDP	+€0.29bn+0.15% of GDP	88%
15	United Arab Emirates	€29.2bn5.9% of GDP · €2,662 per person	€3.4bn more0.68% of GDP more	+€0.59bn+0.12% of GDP	−€1.6bn−0.32% of GDP	3%
16	Singapore	€25bn5.0% of GDP · €4,144 per person	€2bn more0.40% of GDP more	−€0.93bn−0.19% of GDP	−€0.69bn−0.14% of GDP	88%
17	Hong Kong	€24.9bn7.0% of GDP · €3,313 per person	€5.4bn more1.5% of GDP more	+€39m+0.01% of GDP	−€0.41bn−0.11% of GDP	9%
18	Belgium	€24.7bn4.2% of GDP · €2,083 per person	€3.7bn less0.63% of GDP less	−€3.1bn−0.52% of GDP	+€1.9bn+0.33% of GDP	50%
19	Egypt	€23bn5.9% of GDP · €197 per person	€1.7bn more0.42% of GDP more	+€0.61bn+0.15% of GDP	−€0.21bn−0.05% of GDP	7%
20	Poland	€22.5bn3.0% of GDP · €615 per person	€21.9bn less2.9% of GDP less	−€1.8bn−0.23% of GDP	+€0.78bn+0.10% of GDP	66%
21	Czechia	€21.4bn6.9% of GDP · €1,962 per person	€3.4bn less1.1% of GDP less	−€5.1bn−1.7% of GDP	+€0.98bn+0.32% of GDP	72%
22	Switzerland	€19.9bn2.3% of GDP · €2,209 per person	€2.2bn more0.26% of GDP more	−€1.5bn−0.17% of GDP	−€0.20bn−0.02% of GDP	26%
23	Taiwan	€19.5bn2.7% of GDP · €835 per person	€0.50bn less0.07% of GDP less	+€0.49bn+0.07% of GDP	−€0.13bn−0.02% of GDP	64%
24	Austria	€19.4bn4.1% of GDP · €2,113 per person	€1.7bn more0.36% of GDP more	−€4.1bn−0.87% of GDP	+€0.71bn+0.15% of GDP	77%
25	Greece	€18.9bn8.5% of GDP · €1,812 per person	€0.29bn more0.13% of GDP more	−€2.4bn−1.1% of GDP	−€1.2bn−0.56% of GDP	85%
26	Spain	€18.4bn1.2% of GDP · €377 per person	€5.6bn less0.37% of GDP less	−€2.7bn−0.18% of GDP	−€0.11bn<0.01% of GDP	79%
27	Saudi Arabia	€18.3bn1.6% of GDP · €519 per person	€3.8bn more0.33% of GDP more	+€0.48bn+0.04% of GDP	−€76m<0.01% of GDP	16%
28	United Kingdom	€15.3bn0.48% of GDP · €220 per person	€26.3bn less0.82% of GDP less	−€0.60bn−0.02% of GDP	+€0.99bn+0.03% of GDP	32%
29	Slovakia	€14.4bn11.9% of GDP · €2,664 per person	€0.96bn more0.79% of GDP more	−€2.5bn−2.1% of GDP	+€91m+0.08% of GDP	88%
30	Indonesia	€14.3bn1.1% of GDP · €50 per person	€2.4bn more0.19% of GDP more	+€0.37bn+0.03% of GDP	−€0.45bn−0.04% of GDP	15%
31	Azerbaijan	€14.2bn20.3% of GDP · €1,396 per person	€1.7bn more2.4% of GDP more	−€16m−0.02% of GDP	−€17m−0.02% of GDP	17%
32	Kyrgyzstan	€13.1bn92.5% of GDP · €1,808 per person	€1.3bn more8.9% of GDP more	−€0.67bn−4.8% of GDP	−€13m−0.09% of GDP	41%
33	Malaysia	€11.3bn3.0% of GDP · €317 per person	€2.4bn more0.63% of GDP more	−€0.49bn−0.13% of GDP	−€0.73bn−0.19% of GDP	72%
34	Mongolia	€11.2bn58.9% of GDP · €3,181 per person	€1.2bn more6.4% of GDP more	−€0.78bn−4.1% of GDP	+€1m<0.01% of GDP	60%
35	Finland	€10.7bn3.9% of GDP · €1,903 per person	€16bn less5.9% of GDP less	−€0.45bn−0.16% of GDP	+€0.39bn+0.14% of GDP	65%
36	Vietnam	€10.7bn2.6% of GDP · €106 per person	€0.18bn more0.04% of GDP more	−€0.67bn−0.16% of GDP	−€0.27bn−0.07% of GDP	30%
37	Armenia	€10.3bn47.8% of GDP · €3,409 per person	€0.13bn less0.62% of GDP less	−€86m−0.40% of GDP	−€1m<0.01% of GDP	37%
38	Algeria	€10.1bn4.4% of GDP · €217 per person	€2m more<0.01% of GDP	−€0.64bn−0.28% of GDP	−€7m<0.01% of GDP	6%
39	Serbia	€9.5bn12.9% of GDP · €1,444 per person	€0.94bn more1.3% of GDP more	−€1bn−1.4% of GDP	−€87m−0.12% of GDP	55%
40	Thailand	€9bn1.9% of GDP · €126 per person	€0.46bn less0.10% of GDP less	−€96m−0.02% of GDP	+€39m<0.01% of GDP	56%

Each row: the best estimate, then its range in the same unit and sign. The chances of the direction are for each country's totals, on its page.

Party to the war (with Russia), not ranked

Belarus: Paid Russia since 2022 €110bn
North Korea: Paid Russia since 2022 €6.2bn

What the data can and cannot say

"Paid Russia" is everything bought from Russia, recorded in customs and partner data (fuel and other goods, services, company taxes in Russia, gold and other payments). The site's research splits it by fuel for each year: the tables by fuel further down, with each fuel by the importer's customs records, on the map's basis and by CREA's tracker. The fuel share column is from before the war (2018 to 2021) and shows how much of a country's purchases from Russia were fuel then.

The parts about fuel: the extra Russia earned from war-time fuel prices, and Russian oil bought after refining in another country. Volumes (barrels, cubic metres) are not given here.

Questions

Who buys Russian oil?

By their own customs records (2022 to August 2026, CIF), the list of buyers of Russian crude oil starts with China, India and Türkiye: China recorded €257bn. On the map's basis (the Russian border price) China comes to €217bn, and CREA's tracker estimates €236bn. For oil products the customs list starts with Türkiye, China and Brazil. Türkiye's customs do not name the supplier for crude oil and gas, so its figures are estimates.

Who buys Russian gas and LNG?

Pipeline gas (2022 to August 2026), by customs records of the gas used in each country: the list starts with Türkiye, China and Germany; Türkiye recorded €48bn. LNG: the list starts with China, Japan and France; China recorded €23.3bn. Each table gives the map's basis and CREA's tracker beside the customs figure.

Russian oil exports by country: where did they go?

Adding up the buyers on the map, customs recorded €605bn of crude oil and €282bn of oil products bought from Russia (2022 to August 2026, CIF); on the map's basis, €435bn and €248bn. CREA's tracker, which also follows cargoes to places without customs data, puts them at €502bn and €324bn. By country, the customs list for crude oil starts with China, India and Türkiye.

Who paid Russia the most since 2022?

By everything they paid Russia from 2022 to August 2026, fuel and other goods, the table starts with China, India and Türkiye: China paid €547bn. The 40 countries listed paid €1,849bn in all. The tables by fuel further down split these purchases into crude oil, oil products, pipeline gas, LNG and coal.

Did buying Russian fuel help Russia?

What counts is not the sales value but how much more or less Russia kept (taxes and profit) than without the war. From the purchases of the 40 countries listed, Russia kept €11.9bn less than in a world without the war, with what each of them would then have bought. War-time fuel prices and Russian oil refined elsewhere are shown separately.

How much Russian oil did each country buy, in barrels?

This site does not give volumes. It measures money: what was paid to Russia, and the change in what Russia kept from it. The tables by fuel give each country's purchases in euros, by its customs records, on the map's basis and by CREA's tracker. For volumes, see energy trade trackers and customs statistics.

What each country bought from Russia, by fuel

The map counts everything a country paid Russia as one figure. The site's research splits that figure by fuel for each year, 2022 to August 2026, and gives each fuel on these bases, which answer different questions:

Customs (CIF): what the importer's own customs recorded as bought from Russia, at the price paid at its own border, freight and insurance included. This is the usual meaning of “imports of Russian oil”, and the tables are sorted by it.
Map basis (FOB): the same purchases at the price at the Russian border, the figure in the map. Russian crude that a refinery sold on as fuel is counted for the buyers of that fuel (fuel refined from Russian crude in third countries), not for the refinery.
Tracker (CREA): the Russia Fossil Tracker of the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, from ship-tracking data (Kpler) and modelled prices, by the port where a cargo was unloaded. A separate estimate, shown as a cross-check.

Quality: A measured (own customs, own prices), B mostly measured, C estimate (filled prices, a supplier the customs do not name, or the tracker alone), D no split by fuel. A row shows the letter of its weakest year with purchases.

Crude oil: buyers, 2022 to August 2026

#	Country	Customs (CIF)	Map basis (FOB)	Tracker (CREA)	Quality
1	China	€257bn	€217bnrange €183bn to €253bn	€236bn	C (estimate)
2	India	€195bn	€121bnrange €83.3bn to €157bn	€150bn	A
3	Türkiye	€33.8bn	€20.8bnrange €13.4bn to €28.6bn	€25.8bn	C (estimate; customs do not name the supplier)
4	Belarus	€17.7bn	€16.3bnrange €13.4bn to €19.1bn	not tracked	C (estimate)
5	Netherlands	€15.3bn	€9.5bnrange €6.7bn to €15.2bn	€8.5bn	B
6	Germany	€11.7bn	€9.4bnrange €7.1bn to €12.5bn	€10.4bn	A
7	Slovakia	€9.6bn	€1.2bnrange €0m to €3bn	€10.1bn	B
8	Hungary	€9.2bn	€6.1bnrange €4.7bn to €7.9bn	€9.8bn	A
9	Italy	€6.9bn	€3.1bnrange €2bn to €4.2bn	€8.6bn	A
10	Poland	€6.5bn	€4.3bnrange €3.5bn to €5.1bn	€7.6bn	A
11	Czechia	€5.9bn	€5.1bnrange €4.1bn to €6.1bn	€5.9bn	A
12	Bulgaria	€5.8bn	€3.4bnrange €2.5bn to €4.7bn	€5.7bn	A
13	Brunei	€2.9bn	€1.2bnrange €0.80bn to €2.1bn	€2bn	C (estimate)
14	Myanmar	€2.9bn	€28mrange €14m to €0.42bn	€2.6bn	C (estimate)
15	Azerbaijan	€2.3bn	€2.2bnrange €1.9bn to €2.5bn	€2bn	A
16	South Korea	€2.2bn	€1.8bnrange €1.4bn to €2.2bn	€1.7bn	A
17	Egypt	€1.9bn	€1.3bnrange €0.91bn to €1.9bn	€1.1bn	C (estimate)

Oil products: buyers, 2022 to August 2026

#	Country	Customs (CIF)	Map basis (FOB)	Tracker (CREA)	Quality
1	Türkiye	€44.5bn	€32.5bnrange €23.8bn to €42.4bn	€60.7bn	C (estimate)
2	China	€29.6bn	€28.3bnrange €24.1bn to €32.8bn	€28.6bn	C (estimate)
3	Brazil	€21.9bn	€18.7bnrange €15.8bn to €21.8bn	€23bn	A
4	India	€16.8bn	€15.1bnrange €10.6bn to €19.4bn	€19bn	A
5	Singapore	€13.2bn	€12.4bnrange €8.8bn to €17.1bn	€18bn	A
6	Germany	€9.8bn	€8.9bnrange €6.7bn to €11.8bn	€6.4bn	B
7	Libya	€7.8bn	€6.1bnrange €3.6bn to €8.5bn	€7.1bn	C (estimate)
8	Mongolia	€7.1bn	€6.2bnrange €5.1bn to €7.3bn	not tracked	C (estimate)
9	France	€6.5bn	€4.7bnrange €3.5bn to €6.2bn	€6.9bn	A
10	Belgium	€6.3bn	€5.1bnrange €3.9bn to €6.8bn	€7.6bn	A
11	Saudi Arabia	€6.3bn	€6bnrange €4.4bn to €7.7bn	€17bn	C (estimate)
12	Netherlands	€6bn	€5.6bnrange €4.1bn to €8.2bn	€10.2bn	B
13	United Arab Emirates	€5.4bn	€12bnrange €3bn to €25.5bn	€15.1bn	C (estimate)
14	Taiwan	€5.3bn	€5bnrange €3.3bn to €7.4bn	€6.7bn	C (estimate)
15	Greece	€4.8bn	€4.4bnrange €4bn to €5bn	€5.7bn	A

Pipeline gas: buyers, 2022 to August 2026

#	Country	Customs (CIF)	Map basis (FOB)	Tracker (CREA)	Quality
1	Türkiye	€48bn	€43.9bnrange €29bn to €59.9bn	€38.2bn	C (estimate; customs do not name the supplier)
2	China	€31.9bn	€30.8bnrange €26bn to €35.9bn	€31.3bn	C (estimate)
3	Germany	€23.7bn	€21.7bnrange €16.3bn to €29.2bn	€19.3bn	A
4	Hungary	€20.9bn	€20.2bnrange €16.5bn to €25.8bn	€18.2bn	A
5	Italy	€18.5bn	€17.8bnrange €15.5bn to €21.2bn	€11.2bn	A
6	Austria	€11.1bn	€10.6bnrange €6.6bn to €14.1bn	€10.7bn	A
7	Belarus	€10.3bn	€9.5bnrange €8.3bn to €10.6bn	not tracked	C (estimate)
8	Slovakia	€9.6bn	€7.8bnrange €2.9bn to €12.4bn	€8.9bn	B
9	France	€8.4bn	€6bnrange €4.3bn to €7.8bn	€0.39bn	A
10	Czechia	€7.8bn	€7.7bnrange €6.1bn to €9.4bn	€3.5bn	A
11	Serbia	€4.2bn	€4.1bnrange €2.9bn to €5.3bn	€5bn	A
12	Greece	€3.4bn	€3.2bnrange €3bn to €3.6bn	€0.79bn	A
13	Poland	€2.1bn	€1.9bnrange €1.5bn to €2.3bn	€2.8bn	A
14	Kazakhstan	€2.1bn	€2bnrange €1.8bn to €2.2bn	not tracked	A
15	Armenia	€1.7bn	€1.6bnrange €1.4bn to €1.9bn	not tracked	B

LNG: buyers, 2022 to August 2026

#	Country	Customs (CIF)	Map basis (FOB)	Tracker (CREA)	Quality
1	China	€23.3bn	€22.5bnrange €19.3bn to €25.9bn	€20bn	C (estimate)
2	Japan	€16.9bn	€15.4bnrange €14.1bn to €16.8bn	€15.8bn	A
3	France	€16.7bn	€14.3bnrange €11.1bn to €19.4bn	€16.4bn	A
4	Spain	€11.6bn	€10.5bnrange €7.9bn to €15bn	€12bn	A
5	Belgium	€8.4bn	€7.6bnrange €5.2bn to €10.5bn	€12.9bn	A
6	Netherlands	€6.8bn	€6.4bnrange €4.6bn to €9.6bn	€4.4bn	B
7	South Korea	€5.3bn	€4.8bnrange €3.8bn to €6bn	€5bn	C (estimate)
8	Taiwan	€1.5bn	€1.4bnrange €1bn to €2bn	€1.5bn	C (estimate)
9	Portugal	€0.59bn	€0.52bnrange €0.40bn to €0.75bn	€0.70bn	B
10	Greece	€0.55bn	€0.52bnrange €0.48bn to €0.58bn	€0.60bn	A
11	United Kingdom	€0.49bn	€0.46bnrange €0.41bn to €0.51bn	€0.40bn	A
12	India	€0.35bn	€0.32bnrange €0.22bn to €0.42bn	€0.49bn	A
13	Italy	€0.33bn	€0.32bnrange €0.28bn to €0.38bn	€0.25bn	A
14	Kuwait	€0.25bn	€0.18bnrange €0.13bn to €0.24bn	€0.25bn	C (estimate)
15	Indonesia	€0.22bn	€0.19bnrange €0.15bn to €0.23bn	€0.22bn	A
16	Finland	€0.20bn	€0.19bnrange €0.16bn to €0.22bn	€0.28bn	B

Coal: buyers, 2022 to August 2026

#	Country	Customs (CIF)	Map basis (FOB)	Tracker (CREA)	Quality
1	China	€44.7bn	€43.1bnrange €36.4bn to €50bn	€37.1bn	C (estimate)
2	India	€18.7bn	€17.3bnrange €12.2bn to €22.2bn	€17.4bn	A
3	South Korea	€15.2bn	€13.8bnrange €10.9bn to €17.2bn	€13.7bn	C (estimate)
4	Türkiye	€13.4bn	€12.2bnrange €9.2bn to €15.6bn	€14.2bn	C (estimate)
5	Japan	€4.5bn	€4.1bnrange €3.8bn to €4.5bn	€2.8bn	A
6	Taiwan	€4bn	€3.8bnrange €2.7bn to €5.5bn	€4bn	C (estimate)
7	Vietnam	€3.9bn	€3.4bnrange €2.4bn to €4.8bn	€3bn	C (estimate)
8	Indonesia	€3.6bn	€3.3bnrange €2.8bn to €4bn	€2.4bn	A
9	Malaysia	€2.1bn	€1.9bnrange €1.5bn to €2.4bn	€2.7bn	A
10	Germany	€1.5bn	€1.4bnrange €1.00bn to €1.8bn	€0.97bn	C (estimate)
11	Morocco	€1.2bn	€1.1bnrange €0.86bn to €1.4bn	€1.3bn	C (estimate)
12	Netherlands	€1.2bn	€1.1bnrange €0.80bn to €1.7bn	€1.6bn	A
13	Brazil	€1.1bn	€1bnrange €0.85bn to €1.2bn	€0.68bn	A
14	Italy	€1.1bn	€1.1bnrange €0.92bn to €1.3bn	€0.64bn	A
15	Sri Lanka	€0.90bn	€0.84bnrange €0.62bn to €1.1bn	€0.63bn	C (estimate)

Buyers on the map together, 2022 to August 2026

Fuel	Customs (CIF)	Map basis (FOB)	Tracker (CREA)
Crude oil	€605bn	€435bn	€502bn
Oil products	€282bn	€248bn	€324bn
Pipeline gas	€212bn	€196bn	€166bn
LNG	€94.1bn	€86.1bn	€92.8bn
Coal	€123bn	€115bn	€108bn
Other goods	€814bn	€803bn	–

Customs: the countries that report their trade with Russia by fuel. Map basis: every buyer on the map. Tracker: every destination CREA follows. Bunker fuel and cargoes without a known buyer are left out.

Low and high values do not add up across fuels or countries. Fuel refined from Russian crude in third countries is a separate line of the map and is not in these tables. 2026 runs January to August.

Ranking · Support for Ukraine by country · Trade with Russia by country · All topics · How it works

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Cite as: War Balance, figures to August 2026, https://warbalance.org/russian-oil-gas-buyers/