War Balance

United Kingdom vs Poland: support for Ukraine and trade with Russia since 2022

United Kingdom: Toward Ukraine by 1.8% of a year's GDP since 2022 (likely 1.3% to 2.4% toward Ukraine; very likely · >99%). Poland: Toward Ukraine by 5.0% of a year's GDP since 2022 (likely 2.8% to 7.8% toward Ukraine; very likely · >99%).

Support for Ukraine in euros: United Kingdom €18.4bn, Poland €14.2bn. More in euros: United Kingdom; more as a share of GDP: Poland.

United Kingdom → Poland →

These numbers measure money: aid to Ukraine and the change in what Russia keeps from trade, against a world without the war. Weapons count at their money value: aid at market value when delivered, weapons and troops sent to Russia at the seller's gain where Russia paid and in full where it did not. Votes, diplomacy and intent are not in them.

Side by side

#CountryNetSupport for UkraineRussia kept from trade, vs no warRussian money frozen (return lost)Paid Russia since 2022
United Kingdom+1.8%+€58.4bn · +€843 per personlikely 1.3% to 2.4% toward Ukrainevery likely · >99%+€18.4bn+0.58% of GDPvery likely · >99%€34.9bn less1.1% of GDP lessvery likely · >99%€5bn0.16% of GDP€15.3bn0.48% of GDP
Poland+5.0%+€37.8bn · +€1,034 per personlikely 2.8% to 7.8% toward Ukrainevery likely · >99%+€14.2bn+1.9% of GDPvery likely · 98%€22.8bn less3.0% of GDP lessvery likely · >99%€0.85bn0.11% of GDP€22.5bn3.0% of GDP

Each row: the best estimate, then its range and the chance of its direction, as in the country's panel.

What makes up each number

MeasureUnited KingdomPoland
Government aid to Ukraine+€12.1bn+0.38% of GDP+€3bn+0.39% of GDP
Cost of hosting refugees from Ukraine+€5.7bn+0.18% of GDP+€10.6bn+1.4% of GDP
Private donations to Ukraine+€0.81bn+0.03% of GDP+€0.41bn+0.05% of GDP
Refugee spending kept in the host economy−€0.14bn<0.01% of GDP−€0.91bn−0.12% of GDP
Share of IMF and World Bank lending to Ukraine+€91m<0.01% of GDP+€20m<0.01% of GDP
Aid to Ukraine spent at home−€80m<0.01% of GDP−€23m<0.01% of GDP
Purchases from Ukraine vs no war+€25m<0.01% of GDP+€0.41bn+0.05% of GDP
Extra services sold to Ukraine−€21m<0.01% of GDP−€0.44bn−0.06% of GDP
Other countries' aid to Ukraine spent here−€17m<0.01% of GDP–
Extra sales to Ukraine−€10m<0.01% of GDP−€0.82bn−0.11% of GDP
Aid spent here on energy, relief and rebuilding−€7m<0.01% of GDP−€68m<0.01% of GDP
Share of EU aid to Ukraine–+€2bn+0.27% of GDP
Russia's gain on fuel and goods it sold+€24.2bn+0.76% of GDP+€22.3bn+3.0% of GDP
Stakes in Russian oil and gas projects+€7bn+0.22% of GDP–
Company taxes paid in Russia+€1.7bn+0.05% of GDP+€0.59bn+0.08% of GDP
Company profits in Russia+€1.6bn+0.05% of GDP+€84m+0.01% of GDP
Russian oil bought via other countries+€0.99bn+0.03% of GDP+€0.78bn+0.10% of GDP
Russia's gain from war-time fuel prices−€0.60bn−0.02% of GDP−€1.8bn−0.23% of GDP
Shipping and insuring Russian oil−€0.27bn<0.01% of GDP–
Gold and hidden payments to Russia−€0.20bn<0.01% of GDP–
Profits of Russian-owned companies abroad+€0.19bn<0.01% of GDP–
Sellers' gain on sales to Russia+€0.19bn<0.01% of GDP+€0.84bn+0.11% of GDP
Services sold to Russia+€0.16bn<0.01% of GDP+€68m<0.01% of GDP
Services bought from Russia+€88m<0.01% of GDP+€42m<0.01% of GDP
Extra price Russia paid because of sanctions−€24m<0.01% of GDP−€0.11bn−0.01% of GDP
Frozen Russian private assets€3.2bn0.10% of GDP€0.30bn0.04% of GDP
Frozen Russian central bank reserves€1.8bn0.06% of GDP€0.55bn0.07% of GDP

+ toward Ukraine, − toward Russia

Year by year

YearCountrySupport for UkraineTrade: toward Ukraine (+) / toward Russia (−)Russian money frozenNet
2022United Kingdom+€5.4bn+€5.5bn+€396m+€11.3bn
Poland+€5.9bn+€2.4bn+€62m+€8.4bn
2023United Kingdom+€3.9bn+€7.6bn+€1.1bn+€12.6bn
Poland+€2.9bn+€5.6bn+€271m+€8.8bn
2024United Kingdom+€2.9bn+€7.5bn+€1.5bn+€12.0bn
Poland+€2.4bn+€5.9bn+€235m+€8.5bn
2025United Kingdom+€3.1bn+€7.4bn+€1.3bn+€11.8bn
Poland+€1.8bn+€4.3bn+€177m+€6.2bn
2026*United Kingdom+€3.2bn+€6.8bn+€747m+€10.7bn
Poland+€1.3bn+€4.6bn+€106m+€5.9bn

Each year's amount: + toward Ukraine, − toward Russia. *2026: to August.

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Cite as: War Balance, figures to August 2026, https://warbalance.org/compare/united-kingdom-vs-poland/