War Balance

United Kingdom vs Italy: support for Ukraine and trade with Russia since 2022

United Kingdom: Toward Ukraine by 1.8% of a year's GDP since 2022 (likely 1.3% to 2.4% toward Ukraine; very likely · >99%). Italy: Toward Ukraine by 1.6% of a year's GDP since 2022 (likely 0.60% to 2.8% toward Ukraine; very likely · >99%).

Support for Ukraine in euros: United Kingdom €18.4bn, Italy €12.7bn. More in euros: United Kingdom; more as a share of GDP: Italy.

United Kingdom → Italy →

These numbers measure money: aid to Ukraine and the change in what Russia keeps from trade, against a world without the war. Weapons count at their money value: aid at market value when delivered, weapons and troops sent to Russia at the seller's gain where Russia paid and in full where it did not. Votes, diplomacy and intent are not in them.

Side by side

#CountryNetSupport for UkraineRussia kept from trade, vs no warRussian money frozen (return lost)Paid Russia since 2022
United Kingdom+1.8%+€58.4bn · +€843 per personlikely 1.3% to 2.4% toward Ukrainevery likely · >99%+€18.4bn+0.58% of GDPvery likely · >99%€34.9bn less1.1% of GDP lessvery likely · >99%€5bn0.16% of GDP€15.3bn0.48% of GDP
Italy+1.6%+€34.4bn · +€584 per personlikely 0.60% to 2.8% toward Ukrainevery likely · >99%+€12.7bn+0.60% of GDPvery likely · >99%€18.8bn less0.89% of GDP lesslikely toward Ukraine · 91%€3bn0.14% of GDP€39.1bn1.8% of GDP

Each row: the best estimate, then its range and the chance of its direction, as in the country's panel.

What makes up each number

MeasureUnited KingdomItaly
Government aid to Ukraine+€12.1bn+0.38% of GDP+€3.4bn+0.16% of GDP
Cost of hosting refugees from Ukraine+€5.7bn+0.18% of GDP+€1.5bn+0.07% of GDP
Private donations to Ukraine+€0.81bn+0.03% of GDP+€0.45bn+0.02% of GDP
Refugee spending kept in the host economy−€0.14bn<0.01% of GDP−€40m<0.01% of GDP
Share of IMF and World Bank lending to Ukraine+€91m<0.01% of GDP+€98m<0.01% of GDP
Aid to Ukraine spent at home−€80m<0.01% of GDP–
Purchases from Ukraine vs no war+€25m<0.01% of GDP+€18m<0.01% of GDP
Extra services sold to Ukraine−€21m<0.01% of GDP−€11m<0.01% of GDP
Other countries' aid to Ukraine spent here−€17m<0.01% of GDP−€38m<0.01% of GDP
Extra sales to Ukraine−€10m<0.01% of GDP–
Aid spent here on energy, relief and rebuilding−€7m<0.01% of GDP−€8m<0.01% of GDP
Share of EU aid to Ukraine–+€7bn+0.33% of GDP
Undisclosed military aid to Ukraine–+€0.35bn+0.02% of GDP
Russia's gain on fuel and goods it sold+€24.2bn+0.76% of GDP+€28.3bn+1.3% of GDP
Stakes in Russian oil and gas projects+€7bn+0.22% of GDP–
Company taxes paid in Russia+€1.7bn+0.05% of GDP−€0.29bn−0.01% of GDP
Company profits in Russia+€1.6bn+0.05% of GDP−€0.69bn−0.03% of GDP
Russian oil bought via other countries+€0.99bn+0.03% of GDP−€0.60bn−0.03% of GDP
Russia's gain from war-time fuel prices−€0.60bn−0.02% of GDP−€8.2bn−0.39% of GDP
Shipping and insuring Russian oil−€0.27bn<0.01% of GDP−€31m<0.01% of GDP
Gold and hidden payments to Russia−€0.20bn<0.01% of GDP−€11m<0.01% of GDP
Profits of Russian-owned companies abroad+€0.19bn<0.01% of GDP+€12m<0.01% of GDP
Sellers' gain on sales to Russia+€0.19bn<0.01% of GDP+€0.11bn<0.01% of GDP
Services sold to Russia+€0.16bn<0.01% of GDP+€74m<0.01% of GDP
Services bought from Russia+€88m<0.01% of GDP+€0.10bn<0.01% of GDP
Extra price Russia paid because of sanctions−€24m<0.01% of GDP–
Frozen Russian private assets€3.2bn0.10% of GDP€1.1bn0.05% of GDP
Frozen Russian central bank reserves€1.8bn0.06% of GDP€1.9bn0.09% of GDP

+ toward Ukraine, − toward Russia

Year by year

YearCountrySupport for UkraineTrade: toward Ukraine (+) / toward Russia (−)Russian money frozenNet
2022United Kingdom+€5.4bn+€5.5bn+€396m+€11.3bn
Italy+€2.9bn−€3.9bn+€216m−€781m
2023United Kingdom+€3.9bn+€7.6bn+€1.1bn+€12.6bn
Italy+€3.4bn+€6.9bn+€958m+€11.3bn
2024United Kingdom+€2.9bn+€7.5bn+€1.5bn+€12.0bn
Italy+€2.8bn+€4.6bn+€834m+€8.2bn
2025United Kingdom+€3.1bn+€7.4bn+€1.3bn+€11.8bn
Italy+€2.3bn+€4.4bn+€627m+€7.3bn
2026*United Kingdom+€3.2bn+€6.8bn+€747m+€10.7bn
Italy+€1.4bn+€6.7bn+€374m+€8.4bn

Each year's amount: + toward Ukraine, − toward Russia. *2026: to August.

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Cite as: War Balance, figures to August 2026, https://warbalance.org/compare/united-kingdom-vs-italy/