War Balance

Netherlands vs Romania: support for Ukraine and trade with Russia since 2022

Netherlands: Toward Ukraine by 5.1% of a year's GDP since 2022 (likely 3.0% to 8.2% toward Ukraine; very likely · >99%). Romania: Toward Ukraine by 2.8% of a year's GDP since 2022 (likely 0.99% to 4.6% toward Ukraine; very likely · 99%).

Support for Ukraine in euros: Netherlands €22.8bn, Romania €1.8bn. More in euros: Netherlands; more as a share of GDP: Netherlands.

Netherlands → Romania →

These numbers measure money: aid to Ukraine and the change in what Russia keeps from trade, against a world without the war. Weapons count at their money value: aid at market value when delivered, weapons and troops sent to Russia at the seller's gain where Russia paid and in full where it did not. Votes, diplomacy and intent are not in them.

Side by side

#CountryNetSupport for UkraineRussia kept from trade, vs no warRussian money frozen (return lost)Paid Russia since 2022
Netherlands+5.1%+€54.1bn · +€3,006 per personlikely 3.0% to 8.2% toward Ukrainevery likely · >99%+€22.8bn+2.2% of GDPvery likely · >99%€30.2bn less2.9% of GDP lessvery likely · 98%€1.1bn0.10% of GDP€31.7bn3.0% of GDP
Romania+2.8%+€8.9bn · +€466 per personlikely 0.99% to 4.6% toward Ukrainevery likely · 99%+€1.8bn+0.58% of GDPvery likely · >99%€6.7bn less2.1% of GDP lessvery likely · 96%€0.35bn0.11% of GDP€7.1bn2.2% of GDP

Each row: the best estimate, then its range and the chance of its direction, as in the country's panel.

What makes up each number

MeasureNetherlandsRomania
Cost of hosting refugees from Ukraine+€11.8bn+1.1% of GDP+€0.42bn+0.13% of GDP
Government aid to Ukraine+€8.7bn+0.82% of GDP+€0.42bn+0.13% of GDP
Share of EU aid to Ukraine+€2.4bn+0.23% of GDP+€0.83bn+0.26% of GDP
Refugee spending kept in the host economy−€0.38bn−0.04% of GDP−€10m<0.01% of GDP
Private donations to Ukraine+€0.34bn+0.03% of GDP+€0.14bn+0.04% of GDP
Share of IMF and World Bank lending to Ukraine+€40m<0.01% of GDP+€8m<0.01% of GDP
Extra services sold to Ukraine−€35m<0.01% of GDP−€52m−0.02% of GDP
Aid to Ukraine spent at home−€26m<0.01% of GDP–
Purchases from Ukraine vs no war−€26m<0.01% of GDP+€0.11bn+0.04% of GDP
Other countries' aid to Ukraine spent here−€18m<0.01% of GDP–
Aid spent here on energy, relief and rebuilding−€15m<0.01% of GDP−€3m<0.01% of GDP
Extra sales to Ukraine−€1m<0.01% of GDP−€35m−0.01% of GDP
Arms Ukraine bought here–−€9m<0.01% of GDP
Russia's gain on fuel and goods it sold+€30.6bn+2.9% of GDP+€7.6bn+2.4% of GDP
Russia's gain from war-time fuel prices−€2.9bn−0.27% of GDP−€0.23bn−0.07% of GDP
Company profits in Russia+€0.87bn+0.08% of GDP–
Company taxes paid in Russia+€0.86bn+0.08% of GDP–
Sellers' gain on sales to Russia+€0.48bn+0.05% of GDP+€42m+0.01% of GDP
Services sold to Russia+€0.36bn+0.03% of GDP+€3m<0.01% of GDP
Profits of Russian-owned companies abroad−€0.13bn−0.01% of GDP−€71m−0.02% of GDP
Russian oil bought via other countries+€93m<0.01% of GDP−€0.68bn−0.21% of GDP
Extra price Russia paid because of sanctions−€92m<0.01% of GDP–
Services bought from Russia+€78m<0.01% of GDP+€6m<0.01% of GDP
Shipping and insuring Russian oil−€15m<0.01% of GDP–
Frozen Russian central bank reserves€0.66bn0.06% of GDP€0.22bn0.07% of GDP
Frozen Russian private assets€0.41bn0.04% of GDP€0.12bn0.04% of GDP

+ toward Ukraine, − toward Russia

Year by year

YearCountrySupport for UkraineTrade: toward Ukraine (+) / toward Russia (−)Russian money frozenNet
2022Netherlands+€2.9bn+€1.1bn+€78m+€4.1bn
Romania+€408m+€31m+€25m+€464m
2023Netherlands+€6.1bn+€6.9bn+€346m+€13.4bn
Romania+€508m+€1.8bn+€111m+€2.5bn
2024Netherlands+€4.8bn+€8.3bn+€294m+€13.4bn
Romania+€555m+€1.9bn+€96m+€2.5bn
2025Netherlands+€5.6bn+€6.1bn+€214m+€12.0bn
Romania+€193m+€1.4bn+€73m+€1.7bn
2026*Netherlands+€3.3bn+€7.9bn+€128m+€11.3bn
Romania+€173m+€1.5bn+€43m+€1.8bn

Each year's amount: + toward Ukraine, − toward Russia. *2026: to August.

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Cite as: War Balance, figures to August 2026, https://warbalance.org/compare/netherlands-vs-romania/